Concepts of the Expected Jewish Messiah

     Jesus was baptized by John the Baptist on Monday, January 14, A.D. 26. Jesus was almost thirty-one and one-half years old when he was baptized.
     It was after the baptism of Jesus that those still standing in the water heard a "strange sound, and presently there appeared for a moment an apparition immediately over the head of Jesus, and they heard a voice saying, 'This is my beloved Son in whom I am well pleased.'" [Matthew 3:17] [Mark 1:11]
     The voice heard by those standing in the water was the Personalized Adjuster of Jesus.
     Jesus then took leave of them and no man saw Jesus again for forty days. [Matthew 4:2] [Mark 1:13] [Luke 4:2] [UB 135:8.6] [UB 136:2.3,8]
Note: The apparition which those standing in the water saw was an example of Shekinah, defined below.
     The passages in the New Testament are a confused account of what actually occurred during the forty days.

     Jesus went into forty days of retirement in the Perean hills to formulate the plans and determine upon the technique of proclaiming the new kingdom of God in the hearts of men during the remainder of his life on earth. [UB 136:3.2]
     During the forty days in the mountain wilderness he arrived, one by one, at the six great decisions which were to control his policies and conduct for the remainder of his earth career. [UB 136:4-10]

     Could Jesus fulfill the desire of the Jews to become the Deliverer, the long-awaited Messiah?

     From The Urantia Book, Paper 136, "Baptism and the Forty Days."

Concepts of the Expected Messiah.
136:1.1 The Jews entertained many ideas about the expected deliverer, and each of these different schools of Messianic teaching was able to point to statements in the Hebrew scriptures as proof of their contentions. In a general way, the Jews regarded their national history as beginning with Abraham and culminating in the Messiah and the new age of the kingdom of God. In earlier times they had envisaged this deliverer as “the servant of the Lord,” then as “the Son of Man,” while latterly some even went so far as to refer to the Messiah as the “Son of God.” But no matter whether he was called the “seed of Abraham” or “the son of David,” all were agreed that he was to be the Messiah, the “anointed one.” Thus did the concept evolve from the “servant of the Lord” to the “son of David,” “Son of Man,” and “Son of God.”

136:1.2 In the days of John and Jesus the more learned Jews had developed an idea of the coming Messiah as the perfected and representative Israelite, combining in himself as the “servant of the Lord” the threefold office of prophet, priest, and king.

136:1.3 The Jews devoutly believed that, as Moses had delivered their fathers from Egyptian bondage by miraculous wonders, so would the coming Messiah deliver the Jewish people from Roman domination by even greater miracles of power and marvels of racial triumph. The rabbis had gathered together almost five hundred passages from the Scriptures which, notwithstanding their apparent contradictions, they averred were prophetic of the coming Messiah. And amidst all these details of time, technique, and function, they almost completely lost sight of the personality of the promised Messiah.
     They were looking for a restoration of Jewish national glory—Israel’s temporal exaltation—rather than for the salvation of the world. It therefore becomes evident that Jesus of Nazareth could never satisfy this materialistic Messianic concept of the Jewish mind. Many of their reputed Messianic predictions, had they but viewed these prophetic utterances in a different light, would have very naturally prepared their minds for a recognition of Jesus as the terminator of one age and the inaugurator of a new and better dispensation of mercy and salvation for all nations.

136:1.4 The Jews had been brought up to believe in the doctrine of the Shekinah. But this reputed symbol of the Divine Presence was not to be seen in the temple. They believed that the coming of the Messiah would effect its restoration. They held confusing ideas about racial sin and the supposed evil nature of man. Some taught that Adam’s sin had cursed the human race, and that the Messiah would remove this curse and restore man to divine favor. Others taught that God, in creating man, had put into his being both good and evil natures; that when he observed the outworking of this arrangement, he was greatly disappointed, and that “He repented that he had thus made man.” [Genesis 6:6 KJV] And those who taught this believed that the Messiah was to come in order to redeem man from this inherent evil nature.

Note: Shekinah [shi KEE nah]: noun -- Judaism: A visible manifestation of the divine presence as described in Jewish theology. [www.thefreedictionary.com]
Examples of Shekinah in the Bible:
     When the Lord led Israel out of Egypt, he went before them "in a pillar of a cloud." This was the symbol of his presence with his people. God also spoke to Moses through the shekinah out of a burning bush.
     For Bible references to Shekinah see Exodus 14:20; 40:34-38; Leviticus 9:23, 24; Numbers 14:10; 16:19, 42.
[http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com]
     Many years ago I was given an example of Shekinah: One night about 1:00 a.m. I was having much difficulty going to sleep. Suddenly I saw three stationary blue circles suspended just below the ceiling. I knew that the blue circles represented celestial personalities. I wished that the three celestial personalities had the power, the authority, or both, to help me go to sleep. Immediately I felt a tingling in my head and then I was asleep.


136:1.5 The majority of the Jews believed that they continued to languish under Roman rule because of their national sins and because of the halfheartedness of the gentile proselytes. The Jewish nation had not wholeheartedly repented; therefore did the Messiah delay his coming. There was much talk about repentance; wherefore the mighty and immediate appeal of John’s preaching, “Repent and be baptized, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.” [Matthew 3:2 KJV] And the kingdom of heaven could mean only one thing to any devout Jew: The coming of the Messiah.

136:1.6 There was one feature of the bestowal of Michael [Jesus] which was utterly foreign to the Jewish conception of the Messiah, and that was the union of the two natures, the human and the divine. The Jews had variously conceived of the Messiah as perfected human, superhuman, and even as divine, but they never entertained the concept of the union of the human and the divine. And this was the great stumbling block of Jesus’ early disciples.
     They grasped the human concept of the Messiah as the son of David, as presented by the earlier prophets; as the Son of Man, the superhuman idea of Daniel and some of the later prophets; and even as the Son of God, as depicted by the author of the Book of Enoch and by certain of his contemporaries; but never had they for a single moment entertained the true concept of the union in one earth personality of the two natures, the human and the divine. The incarnation of the Creator in the form of the creature had not been revealed beforehand. It was revealed only in Jesus; the world knew nothing of such things until the Creator Son was made flesh and dwelt among the mortals of the realm. [John 1:14 KJV The passage erroneously refers to Jesus as "the only begotten of the Father." ]

     Jesus knew in advance that he could never meet the requirements of the expected Jewish Messiah:

136:8.2 Jesus very wisely foresaw that the working of miracles and the execution of wonders would call forth only outward allegiance by overawing the material mind; such performances would not reveal God nor save men. He refused to become a mere wonder-worker. He resolved to become occupied with but a single task—the establishment of the kingdom of heaven.

     The following excerpts are from The Urantia Book: Paper 136, Baptism and the Forty Days, and Paper 152, Events Leading Up To The Capernaum Crisis.
     These papers explain why Jesus would never be accepted as the Jewish Messiah.

136:6.6 The Jews were expecting a Messiah who would do even greater wonders than Moses, who was reputed to have brought forth water from the rock in a desert place and to have fed their forefathers with manna in the wilderness. Jesus knew the sort of Messiah his compatriots expected, and he had all the powers and prerogatives to measure up to their most sanguine expectations, but he decided against such a magnificent program of power and glory. Jesus looked upon such a course of expected miracle working as a harking back to the olden days of ignorant magic and the degraded practices of the savage medicine men. Possibly, for the salvation of his creatures, he might accelerate natural law, but to transcend his own laws, either for the benefit of himself or the overawing of his fellow men, that he would not do. And the Master’s decision was final.

136:6.7 Jesus sorrowed for his people; he fully understood how they had been led up to the expectation of the coming Messiah, the time when “the earth will yield its fruits ten thousandfold, and on one vine there will be a thousand branches, and each branch will produce a thousand clusters, and each cluster will produce a thousand grapes, and each grape will produce a gallon of wine.” The Jews believed the Messiah would usher in an era of miraculous plenty. The Hebrews had long been nurtured on traditions of miracles and legends of wonders.

Note. The Bible passage quoted above may be one found in The Book of Enoch, 10:18,19:
     And then shall the whole earth be tilled in righteousness, and shall all be planted with trees and be full of blessing. And all desirable trees shall be planted on it, and they shall plant vines on it: and the vine which they plant thereon shall yield wine in abundance, and as for all the seed which is sown thereon each measure (of it) shall bear a thousand, and each measure of olives shall yield ten presses of oil.
[http://wesley.nnu.edu/biblical_studies/noncanon/ot/pseudo/enoch.htm]
     This passage from the Book of Enoch is not exact. Perhaps the Revelators are quoting from records that have been lost forever, or that may still exist but which haven't been found.

136:6.8 Jesus was not a Messiah coming to multiply bread and wine. He came not to minister to temporal needs only; he came to reveal his Father in heaven to his children on earth, while he sought to lead his earth children to join him in a sincere effort so to live as to do the will of the Father in heaven.

136:6.9 Jesus of Nazareth portrayed to an onlooking universe the folly and sin of prostituting divine talents and God-given abilities for personal aggrandizement or for purely selfish gain and glorification. That was the sin of Lucifer and Caligastia [the "devil"].

136:6.10 Jesus portrays dramatically the truth that selfish satisfaction and sensuous gratification, alone and of themselves, are not able to confer happiness upon evolving human beings. There are higher values in mortal existence—intellectual mastery and spiritual achievement—which far transcend the necessary gratification of man’s purely physical appetites and urges. Man’s natural endowment of talent and ability should be chiefly devoted to the development and ennoblement of his higher powers of mind and spirit.

136:7.2 Jesus knew his fellow countrymen were expecting a Messiah who would be above natural law. Well had he been taught that Scripture: “There shall no evil befall you, neither shall any plague come near your dwelling. For he shall give his angels charge over you, to keep you in all your ways. They shall bear you up in their hands lest you dash your foot against a stone.” [Psalms 91:10-12 KJV]
     Would this sort of presumption, this defiance of his Father’s laws of gravity, be justified in order to protect himself from possible harm or, perchance, to win the confidence of his mistaught and distracted people? But such a course, however gratifying to the sign-seeking Jews, would be, not a revelation of his Father, but a questionable trifling with the established laws of the universe of universes.

136:7.3 Understanding all of this and knowing that the Master refused to work in defiance of his established laws of nature in so far as his personal conduct was concerned, you know of a certainty that he never walked on the water nor did anything else which was an outrage to his material order of administering the world; always, of course, bearing in mind that there had, as yet, been found no way whereby he could be wholly delivered from the lack of control over the element of time in connection with those matters put under the jurisdiction of the Personalized Adjuster. [Matthew 14:25,26]

136:8.6 Jesus chose to establish the kingdom of heaven in the hearts of mankind by natural, ordinary, difficult, and trying methods, just such procedures as his earth children must subsequently follow in their work of enlarging and extending that heavenly kingdom. For well did the Son of Man know that it would be “through much tribulation that many of the children of all ages would enter into the kingdom.” [Acts 14:22 KJV] Jesus was now passing through the great test of civilized man, to have power and steadfastly refuse to use it for purely selfish or personal purposes.

136:8.8 Jesus portrayed to all the worlds of his vast universe the folly of creating artificial situations for the purpose of exhibiting arbitrary authority or of indulging exceptional power for the purpose of enhancing moral values or accelerating spiritual progress. Jesus decided that he would not lend his mission on earth to a repetition of the disappointment of the reign of the Maccabees. He refused to prostitute his divine attributes for the purpose of acquiring unearned popularity or for gaining political prestige. He would not countenance the transmutation of divine and creative energy into national power or international prestige. Jesus of Nazareth refused to compromise with evil, much less to consort with sin. The Master triumphantly put loyalty to his Father’s will above every other earthly and temporal consideration.

136:9.2 The Jews envisaged a deliverer who would come in miraculous power to cast down Israel’s enemies and establish the Jews as world rulers, free from want and oppression. Jesus knew that this hope would never be realized. He knew that the kingdom of heaven had to do with the overthrow of evil in the hearts of men, and that it was purely a matter of spiritual concern. He thought out the advisability of inaugurating the spiritual kingdom with a brilliant and dazzling display of power—and such a course would have been permissible and wholly within the jurisdiction of Michael [Jesus]—but he fully decided against such a plan. He would not compromise with the revolutionary techniques of Caligastia [the "devil"]. He had won the world in potential by submission to the Father’s will, and he proposed to finish his work as he had begun it, and as the Son of Man.


The King-Making Episode.
     The response of the Jews after Jesus fed the 5,000 well illustrates the folly of attempting to win the hearts of mortals by signs and wonders:
     After the multitude had been fed to the full, and since Jesus' fame was then and there augmented by the stupendous wonder of miraculously feeding them, the idea to seize the Master and proclaim him king seemed to spread through the crowd like a contagion.
     The reaction of the multitude to this sudden and spectacular supplying of their physical needs was profound and overwhelming. For a long time the Jews had been taught that the Messiah, the son of David, when he should come, would cause the land again to flow with milk and honey, and that the bread of life would be bestowed upon them as manna from heaven was supposed to have fallen upon their forefathers in the wilderness. And was not all of this expectation now fulfilled right before their eyes?
     When this hungry, undernourished multitude had finished gorging itself with the wonder-food, there was but one unanimous reaction: “Here is our king.” The wonder-working deliverer of Israel had come. In the eyes of these simple-minded people the power to feed carried with it the right to rule. No wonder, then, that the multitude, when it had finished feasting, rose as one man and shouted, “Make him king!” [John 6:1-15 KJV] [UB 152:3.1]

     This mighty shout enthused Peter and those of the apostles who still retained the hope of seeing Jesus assert his right to rule. But these false hopes were not to live for long. This mighty shout of the multitude had hardly ceased to reverberate from the near-by rocks when Jesus stepped upon a huge stone and, lifting up his right hand to command their attention, said: “My children, you mean well, but you are short-sighted and material-minded.” There was a brief pause; this stalwart Galilean was there majestically posed in the enchanting glow of that eastern twilight. Every inch he looked a king as he continued to speak to this breathless multitude:
     “You would make me king, not because your souls have been lighted with a great truth, but because your stomachs have been filled with bread. How many times have I told you that my kingdom is not of this world? This kingdom of heaven which we proclaim is a spiritual brotherhood, and no man rules over it seated upon a material throne. My Father in heaven is the all-wise and the all-powerful Ruler over this spiritual brotherhood of the sons of God on earth. Have I so failed in revealing to you the Father of spirits that you would make a king of his Son in the flesh! Now all of you go hence to your own homes. If you must have a king, let the Father of lights be enthroned in the heart of each of you as the spirit Ruler of all things.” [UB 152:3.2]

     These words of Jesus sent the multitude away stunned and disheartened.
     Many who had believed in him turned back and followed him no more from that day.
     The apostles were speechless; they stood in silence gathered about the twelve baskets of the fragments of food; only the chore boy, the Mark lad, spoke, “And he refused to be our king.” Jesus, before going off to be alone in the hills, turned to Andrew and said: “Take your brethren back to Zebedee’s house and pray with them, especially for your brother, Simon Peter.” [UB 152:3.3]

     Of the five thousand who were miraculously fed, and who, when their stomachs were full and their hearts empty, would have made him king, only about five hundred persisted in following after him. [UB 152:5.2]

     Back in Bethsaida, Jesus assembled the twelve Apostles, their associates, including the women, and said to them, among other things:
     “And now do you all see that the working of miracles and the performance of material wonders will not win souls for the spiritual kingdom? We fed the multitude, but it did not lead them to hunger for the bread of life neither to thirst for the waters of spiritual righteousness. When their hunger was satisfied, they sought not entrance into the kingdom of heaven but rather sought to proclaim the Son of Man king after the manner of the kings of this world, only that they might continue to eat bread without having to toil therefor.
     And all this, in which many of you did more or less participate, does nothing to reveal the heavenly Father or to advance his kingdom on earth. Have we not sufficient enemies among the religious leaders of the land without doing that which is likely to estrange also the civil rulers? I pray that the Father will anoint your eyes that you may see and open your ears that you may hear, to the end that you may have full faith in the gospel which I have taught you.” [UB 152:5.4]

Modern Concepts of the Jewish Messiah

The following excerpts are from the websites
http://www.messiahtruth.com/response.html
http://www.religionfacts.com/judaism/beliefs/messiah.htm]

How do present day Jews define their expected Messiah?
     The Tanakh [Holy Scriptures] gives several specifications as to who the messiah will be. He will be a descendent of King David, observant of Jewish law, a righteous judge, and a great military leader. (2 Samuel 7:12-13; Jeremiah 23:5) (Isaiah 11:2-5)

     Among the most basic missions that the Messiah will accomplish during his lifetime are to: (Isaiah 42:4)
[1] Oversee the rebuilding of Jerusalem, including the Third Temple, in the event that it has not yet been rebuilt. (Micah 4:1; Ezekiel 40-45)
[2] Gather the Jewish people from all over the world and bring them home to the Land of Israel. (Isaiah 11:12; 27:12-13)
[3] Influence every individual of every nation to abandon and be ashamed of their former beliefs (or non-beliefs) and acknowledge and serve only the One True God of Israel. (Isaiah 11:9-10; 40:5; Zephaniah 3:9).
[4] Bring about global peace throughout the world. (Isaiah 2:4; 11:5-9; Micah 4:3-4)

The Messianic Age.
     A wide variety of opinions have been given by Jewish scholars as to the circumstances that will prompt the messiah's arrival. Some say the messiah will come when the world is especially good; others say when the world has become especially evil. The biblical clues that are offered suggest the messiah will come after a period of war and suffering. (Ezekiel 38:16)

     When the messiah does come, he will inaugurate the messianic age (sometimes called the Olam Ha-Ba, World to Come). The Tanakh [Holy Scriptures] employs the following descriptions about this period:

Peace among all nations. (Isaiah 2:4; Micah 4:3)
     Perfect harmony and abundance in nature (but some interpret this as an allegory for peace and prosperity). (Isaiah 11:6 -9)
     All Jews return from exile to Israel. (Isaiah 11:11-12; Jeremiah 23:8; 30:3; Hosea 3:4-5)
     Universal acceptance of the Jewish God and Jewish religion. (Isaiah 2:3; 11:10; 66:23; Micah 4:2-3; Zechariah 14:9)
     No sin or evil; all Israel will obey the commandments. (Zephaniah 3:13; Ezekiel 37:24)
     Reinstatement of the Temple. (Ezekiel 37:26-27)

     The Prophets teach that the Messiah will be a descendant of King David, the son of Jesse, from the tribe of Judah. He will be a great Torah teacher and sovereign who will inspire Israel and all the peoples to serve the Compassionate One [your God] in a spirit of unity. Some people have difficulty imagining that one great person could become the "Messiah" and cause a radical change in the world. A study of history reveals, however, that there have been a number of individuals who helped bring about great changes in the world, whether for good or for bad.

When will the Messiah come?
     The "when" of the messiah's arrival is not made clear in the Tanach [Holy Scriptures], and has been a source of much scholarly speculation. In general, attempts to predict the exact date are discouraged. Though millennial fervor has never been as strong in Judaism as it has been in Christian and Islamic movements, there have been those who either claimed to be the messiah or to know the date of the messiah's arrival. One notable example of the former is Shabbatai Tzvi, a 17th-century man who claimed to the messiah, then converted to Islam under threat of death.
     A wide variety of opinions have been given by Jewish scholars as to the circumstances that will prompt the messiah's arrival. Some say the messiah will come when the world is especially good; others say when the world has become especially evil. The biblical clues that are offered suggest the messiah will come after a period of war and suffering. (Ezekiel 38:16)


     Reasons why the long-awaited Jewish messiah will never arrive:

[1] I was told by a celestial personality that on the Day of Armageddon, all mid-east countries will vanish from the earth. Even if Jerusalem and the Third Temple are rebuilt, they will be utterly destroyed on the Day of Armageddon. Also, there is the possibility that Jerusalem will be destroyed before the Day of Armageddon. Irrespective of when Jerusalem is destroyed, numerous prophecies relating to Jerusalem will be negated.

[2] It appears that all Jews worldwide will never return to Israel. How many Jews now living in the United States would consent to moving to Israel?

[3] Global peace throughout the world will be accomplished, but only after the Day of Armageddon.
     Jesus has elevated Elijah, the Old Testament prophet, to the position of World Ruler. It is Elijah who will bring about the Messianic Age on earth. Mortals will be taught the true teachings of Jesus as presented in The Urantia Book. Thus, there will never be universal acceptance of the Jewish religion. When the Jewish religious leaders rejected the gospel of Jesus and crucified him, the divine plan for the Jews to "be a light unto the world" passed to the Gentiles.

     Throughout all eternity not one Messiah as expected by the Jews has ever appeared on any inhabited planet. Nor will such a Messiah appear anywhere in the universe throughout all future time. Then where and how did this erroneous teaching originate?
     It may have originated during the extended Babylonian captivity. The Jews became very despondent. In an effort to uplift the morale of the Jews, Jewish religious leaders undertook the task of completely rewriting their known history. Their objective was to glorify Jewish history: Hebrew history was converted into a fiction of sacred history. The Jews became a miraculous people. They became the "chosen people." According to their new fictitious history, God himself repeatedly intervened with the Jews in numerous miraculous dealings. Supposedly, God even came down to live among them for an extended time, providing food and water.
[God never leaves Paradise: If God should retire as the present upholder of all creation, there would immediately occur a universal collapse. At this very moment, as during the remote ages of the past and in the eternal future, God continues to uphold. The divine reach extends around the circle of eternity. (UB 4:1.6)] [UB 97:8,9,10]

     Small wonder that the Jews refused to accept Jesus as their expected Messiah!

Send Comments

Beginning of Paper

Sources:
The Urantia Book.
The King James Study Bible,
Thomas Nelson Publishers, Nashville.

Note: Numerous statements in this paper were quoted verbatim from the source.

June 13 2010